It is important to recognize how our assumptions about the older adult population have been driven by psychosocial theories. As Horgan identifies, social programs and policies, and healthcare interventions will vary tremendously, depending on which psychosocial theory of aging lens was applied to the development (2019).
As an example of how theory influences policy – this street sign on the left, which has likely been put up due to municipality bylaws, has been influenced by someone’s perception, and consequently a psychosocial theory, of aging. Why have “senior citizens” been identified as vulnerable at this intersection? Although we are missing contextual information (such as, is this right outside a senior home?) it still does imply that (1) drivers needs to be extra cautious for seniors, as seniors themselves might not be cautious and (2) seniors are out and about walking across the street.
The first point can be best supported by a biological theory of aging. Glisky indicates that older adults are slower at information processing, which can impact reaction and attention (2007) . Therefore, seniors are at an increased risk of using the cross walk incorrectly. The “Watch Children” and “Watch for Senior Citizens” signs imply that these two populations are disadvantaged in some way, perhaps cognitively, and therefore the driving population needs to drive with care.
The second point can be best supported by the psychosocial theory, activity theory, which indicates that seniors remain active and mobile in their advancing years (Wadensten, 2006), and therefore more likely to be outdoors and using crosswalks. This would contradict disengagement theory, which implies seniors withdraw from social activity and consequently would not be walking in the streets (Wadensten, 2006).
Additionally these psychosocial theories about particular populations can become dangerous for generalizations, and we need to be cognizant that individuals may not always be captured by our generalized theories.
References:
Glisky, E. L. (2007). Changes in cognitive function in human aging. Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms. In: Riddle DR, editor. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis
Horgan, S. (2019). Social theories of aging. [Online]. Retrieved from https://onq.queensu.ca/d2l/le/content/321165/viewContent/1868375/View
Wadensten, B. (2006). An analysis of psychological theories of ageing and their relevance to practical gerontological nursing in Sweden. Journal compilation, Nordic College of Caring Science.
Mental Health Policy for Older Adults 